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 Under construction MB: Megabytes M-Bone: The MBONE (Multicast Backbone) is a virtual network layered on top of the physical Internet to support the routing of multicast packets. For more information, see www.mbone.com. Mbps: Megabits per second. MBR: Short for multiple (or multi) bit rate, and also known as adaptive streaming, MBR is a technique by which several streams, compressed at different bitrates, are encoded together into a single file. When the client calls for the media file, a negotiation between client and server determines the available bandwidth, and the appropriate stream is transmitted. Media: A term with many different meanings, in the context of streaming media, it refers to video, animation, and audio. The term “media” may also refer to something used for storage or transmission, such as tapes, diskettes, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or networks such as the Internet. Media server: Specialized server software that takes advantage of appropriate Web transfer protocols such as RTSP (real time streaming protocol), as well as special communication techniques between clients and servers, to facilitate the continuous playback of synchronized audio and video in real time, adjusting the streams transmitted to the actual bandwidth available. Media server software may be running on discrete hardware, or can be deployed in combination with Web server software running on the same device. Metafile: A file containing information that describes or specifies another file. Some streaming media formats use metafiles to invoke the client media player and/or to specify the location of a streaming file on a media server. Mic: Pronounced like “mike;” short for microphone. MPEG: Motion Pictures Expert Group of the Inter-national Organization for Standardization (ISO) has defined multiple standards for compressing audio and video sequences. Setting it apart from JPEG which compresses individual frames, MPEG compression uses a technique where the differences in what has changed between one frame and its predecessor are calculated and encoded. MPEG is both a type of compression and a video format. “MPEG-1” was initially designed to deliver near-broadcast quality video through a standard speed CD-ROM. Playback of MPEG-1 video requires either a software decoder coupled with a high-end machine, or a hardware decoder. “MPEG-2” is the broadcast quality video found on DVD’s. It requires a hardware decoder (e.g.; a DVD-ROM player) for playback. “MPEG-4” is a relatively new standard, now being used in some architectures for streaming media. Multiple (or multi) bit rate: See MBR. Multicast: Multicast is an efficient way to transmit the same media stream to many recipients simultaneously, by replicating the stream at router hops where the path to different multicast group members diverges. Multicast end-users experience the same portion of the media, at the same time (in contrast to unicast, which can allow each end-user to control their own experience when accessing pre-recorded, or on-demand, files). The infrastructure to handle multicasting, known as the M-Bone (multicast backbone) is still emerging; the Internet is not yet ready for the popular proliferation of multicasting. The terms “multicast” and narrowcast are sometimes used interchangeably, although “multicast” more specifically refers to the actual technology inherent in the process. Glossaire (PDF : 168 ko) |
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