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 Under construction Bandwidth: The data-carrying capacity of a network. Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can travel a communications path in a given time, usually measured in kilobits per second (Kbps). If you think of the communications path as a pipe, then bandwidth represents the width of the pipe, which determines how much data can flow through it at once. Connections of 56 Kbps or lower (typical dial-up connection rates) are considered low-bandwidth, aka narrowband. High-bandwidth, aka broadband connections are higher than 56 Kbps (e.g., ISDN, DSL, cable modem, T-1). Bit: The smallest unit of data used by computer systems. A bit (short for binary digit) has a value of either 0 (nil) or 1. Bits are the "building blocks" of binary data. Bit depth: See bitmap. Bitmap: Also known as raster, bitmap data comprises a set of binary values specifying the color of individual pixels that make up an image. Bitmap data is characterized by resolution and bit depth. Resolution relates to the detail in an image, and is expressed in dots per inch (dpi) or pixels per inch (ppi). The higher the resolution (i.e., the more dots used to describe the image), the more detail possible. Bit depth defines the number of colors the image can display. A high-contrast (no grey tones) black and white image is 1-bit, meaning it can be off or on, black or white. As bit depth increases, more colors become available: For image detail and quality, bit depth is as important as resolution, since the bit depth determines the colors available in the palette. When fewer colors are available, areas that may have shown a subtle shift of tones and hues are rendered instead as single blocks of solid color, eliminating image detail. Bitmap data is indispensable for continuous tone images, such as scanned or digital photographs, and for anti-aliased images. However, bitmap data is consistently larger than vector data. Each pixel in a bitmap image has to be defined. A relatively small 150-pixel x 150-pixel graphic requires 22,500 discrete bits of information plus the palette, or color lookup table (CLUT), that is usually included. Bit rate: In a digital network, the number of bits that pass a given point, in a given amount of time, usually a second. Bit rate is usually measured in kilobits (Kbps), or thousands of bits per second. While the term “bit rate” is a synonym for data transfer rate (aka data rate), bit rate seems to be used more often when referring to telecommunications transmission technology, and data transfer rate (or data rate) is used more often when referring to computing systems. Blue screen: Video editing technique used to combine a subject with a background shot separately. The subject is shot against a solid blue (or sometimes green) color screen. The blue color can be selected on a frame-by-frame basis, through the use of a video editing system. A matte can then be generated to isolate the subject, in order to composite it onto the desired still or motion background clip Broadband: High-bandwidth network (Internet or intranet) connections higher than 56 Kbps (e.g., ISDN, DSL, cable modem, T-1). Broadcast: A single stream transmitted to all clients on a network, whereby all the clients experience the same portion of the media program, at the same time, whether the program is live or pre-recorded. Broadcast quality: Standard of quality associated with current expectations of clearly-received network or cable television. Browser: A client application, usually with a graphical user interface (GUI), that provides a way to experience and interact with files hosted on a network, such as the Internet or an intranet. Web browsers provide access via the Internet to files posted on the World Wide Web. Web browsers use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to make requests of Web servers connected to the Internet, on behalf of the browser user. The two most popular browsers in use today are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Buffer: A temporary storage area, or holding place, usually in the RAM (random access memory) of a computer or peripheral device (e.g., a printer), where data can be collected and/or held for ongoing or later processing. Byte: Eight (8) bits. Glossaire (PDF : 168 ko) |
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